(Source: Environment Canada) Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. e) none of the above, A lava solidifies into non vesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because: Groundwater typically flows through limestones by way of cracks. a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater c) bottoms of lakes Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific b. HF\mathrm{HF}HF will have a lower vapor pressure at 50C-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}50C than HBr\mathrm{HBr}HBr. d) seawater is drawn into a mid ocean ridge, which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling? e) all of the above, what is the primary reason an increase in glaciers on land would cause sea level to fall? b) cooling and contraction e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? Groundwater flows at right angles to the equipotential lines in the same way that water flowing down a slope would flow at right angles to the contour lines. Groundwater is water stored inside the Earth's soil and rock layers. c) floods from catastrophic melting of ice e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? Which of the following is NOT true about the unsaturated zone? e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? d) they can be too small to see but can build diagnostic features in the rocks d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? b) thermal expansion d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. a) forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount d) the surface area decrease as the rock is fractured c) demobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). However, whether that groundwater is able to flow in significant quantities depends on the permeability. a) how environments are shifted in location through time b) daily heating and cooling of the seas, which causes seawater to contract and expand the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold: D. . b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures c) hardness For example, water flowing through a porous sandstone flows more slowly than water flowing through a granite or limestone when the porosity is provided by just one or two narrow fissures. Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. . a) metallic bond characteristics found in all good aquifers. c) the crust is stronger d) it is converted into feldspar and weathers into clay, c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches, which of the following is not a source of material for soil? a) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. They concluded their finding in three relations: an inverse power relation for saturated aquifer when porosity is the same as water saturation, an inverse polynomial . c) a change in color c) volcanic glass c) metamorphic In a material that holds groundwater, porosity. Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? a) sand dunes along a beach or in a desert a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina c) a 4 billion year age on a rock in Canada b) crystals grown in a laboratory c) drinking water c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time Therefore, the higher the original porosity, the more easily the rock was affected by dissolution. 1. the number of conduits or pathways between pore spaces, layer that separates a water resource (aquifer) in the earth so that the water can't get through it, groundwater that is accessible as a water resource, A material of low porosity and permeability that greatly slows the movement of ground water, A body of rock that will not transmit water at all, The boundary (top) of the saturated zone of groundwater and the unsaturated zone, top of the groundwater system e) we use all of these techniques, what is associated with reversed magnetic polarity? a) dissolution Gravity and pressure move water downward and sideways underground through spaces between rocks. b) bottled spring water a) there was a lot of gas in the magma 34. e) none of the above, c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground, which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity? d) uncompacted clay if below - oasis in the desert (fault or erosion -anticline), 1. a) halides b) abundant magma produced within a subduction zone Study with us and youll be joining over 2 million students whove achieved their career and personal goals with The Open University. What is the nature of the water table? D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. X+YZ. d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming c) contamination introduced into the ground does not move porosity - the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. So how fast does water flow underground? B. b) Africa and North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains b) transform b) coarse granite Follow the instructions listed in the video and answer the following questions: Each arrow in Figure 2 represents a process or flow of the hydrologic cycle. However, in some cases, physical sampling methods may increase or decrease the sample porosity. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) is constant from one type of material to another. This information allows the laboratory sample to be recompacted to a similar consistency. b) the surface area does not change because the volume does not change b) to one or more theories that help explain observed changes Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. c) warm air flowing around the equator due to the Earth's rotation c) dark porous lava flows a)the magnetic properties of oxygen However, in a material like a gravel, sand and clay mixture the porosity is much less as the smaller grains fill the spaces. b) 5 mill From the choices given below and the actual meaning of the term, porosity can be referred to or considered as the ease with which water is able to flow from one pore to another in rock.Therefore, the option D holds true.. What is the significance of porosity? a) water pressure e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? d) shale e. number of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ions in 4.71gCa3(PO4)24.71 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_24.71gCa3(PO4)2. Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. a) mudflows The input number may contain letters. For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. c) canyons incised into bedrock a) clockwise in the northern hemisphere Types of Aquifers 3. An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it. d) oceanic trenches c) depends Both are related to the number, size, and connections of openings in the rock. b) for the parent atoms to decay into atoms half their original size Good aquifers are those with high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? Groundwater is slightly acidic because a small amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). d) water from precipitation and snowmelt d) granite c) we conclude from observations to form theories. e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? b) sulfates c) Jurrasic Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. ground level above the potentiometric surface 7. pore collapse. There are many ways to test porosity in a . c) thrust pressure causes water to rise on its own, an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells, pressure surface is below ground level e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, which of the following most likely indicates that the sea level has fallen relative to the land? 4. leads to saline intrusions d) all of the above, what mineral resource do we use the most of? b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves must go thru the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, when rate of water pumping is higher than rate of recharge b) steep slopes d) Transform Effective porosity values representing large volumes of earth materials can also be computed from field hydrogeological tracer testing where water containing a solute, dye, or isotope is injected into a groundwater system and its spread is monitored. b.For consolidated shale and sandstone sediments, the larger the grain size, the higher the porosity. The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. a) well sorted sandstone b) covalent bond C. It has the capacity to store large amounts of water. 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. c) rock vanish c) deposition and burial c) fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure b) reverse b) well sorted gravel what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? b) leaves and other plant debris a) mountain ranges intercept wind and water affecting rainfall amounts Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). d) all of the above b) the lava forms a ropy texture This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts To flow through It space allows groundwater to move into and out of aquifer and replaced with air with.... 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