Only two years after Shaw v. Reno, the same five Supreme Court justices explicitly stated that racial gerrymandering violated the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause in Miller v. Johnson. Learn. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. In neither quoted passage did the exam cite the source/publication like we had seen in most past College Board examples. AP U.S. Government and Politics Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. The VRA required an increase in the representation of minority groups. Reynolds, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS Church), presented himself as a test case to challenge the Morrill Act, arguing that the law violated LDS Church members First Amendment freedom of religion rights. In Shaw v. Reno (1993), the U.S. Supreme Court questioned the use of racial gerrymandering in North Carolina's reapportionment plan. Under Shaw v. Reno, redistricting can be held to the same legal standard as laws that explicitly classify by race. COVID-19 Updates In the case of Shaw v. Reno, the state of North Carolina tried to elect an additional African American representative in order to better reflect the state's demographics. You must not use such Trademarks without the prior written permission of the Company. Answer: 1. This is really only the 2nd full round of the national exam post-redesign. If any provision of these Terms of Use is held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason, such provision shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent such that the remaining provisions of the Terms of Use will continue in full force and effect. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Promote sexually explicit or pornographic material, violence, or discrimination based on race, sex, religion, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, or age. User Contributions must in their entirety comply with all applicable federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations. Part C will likely require you to apply the cases ruling to a political action or principle. shaw v reno ap gov frq. Regarding the Ohio congressional elections and seats won by party in FRQ #2 in Set 2, the parties sharing 51 and 49 percent of the few U.S. House seats seemed mathematically impossible to me. Johnny Burkowski has offered lists for Set 1 and Set 2 on the AP Gov Facebook page. You agree not to download or use images hosted on this Website or another website, for any purpose, including, without limitation, posting such images on another website. The fact that it now chooses to apply strict scrutiny when a law is meant to benefit a race that has been the subject of historical discrimination makes no sense. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANYONE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY REPRESENTS OR WARRANTS THAT THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL BE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, ERROR-FREE, OR UNINTERRUPTED, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, THAT OUR SITE OR THE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS, OR THAT THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL OTHERWISE MEET YOUR NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS. Any User Contribution you post to the site will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. All the information about thecase needed to answer the question will be provided. Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Use. Majority-Minority Area A jurisdiction in which one or more racial minorities constitute the majority of that areas population. Question 3 of the AP U.S. Government and Politics free response section is the SCOTUS Comparison FRQ. You understand that we cannot and do not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading from the internet or the Website will be free of viruses or other destructive code. It is ironic that it does so when white voters challenge a law that would have North Carolina send a black representative to Congress for the first time since Reconstruction. The court decided that bizarre district lines or lines, resulting in spread out or loose shape of a district are questionable and may be likely in, The decision made in Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for, congressional representation in other states because it built on the precedent established, in Shaw v. Reno. If a reapportionment plan creates a district that is so irregular that the only reason for its creation is to separate voters based on race, then an Equal Protection challenge against that plan is valid. Explain how the decision in Bush v. Vera could affect the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other states. North Carolina submitted to the Department of Justice a map with one majority-minority black district - that is, a district with a black majority. A difference between League of United Latin American Citizens v.Perry and Shaw v.Reno is that Shaw v.Reno was a dispute over an irregularly shaped district that suppressed minority, specifically Black, voters.League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry was also a dispute over legislative districts, but it was between the Plaintiffs and Republicans. Dissents from Justices Blackmun and Stevens echoed Justice White. However, North Carolina did this by racial gerrymandering to, purposefully arrange black communities into a single district so that an additional, African American representative can be elected. Shaw v. Reno (1993) Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race and ensure compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Marbury v. Madison (1803) Established the principle of judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution Top 25 Cases Article The stimulus will explain a new case to you. Flashcards. The design of the electoral college reflects the framers' concern of elevating a charismatic, FRQ in 1972, Republican President Richard Nixon was running for reelection when members of his reelection committee were caught burglarizing the offices of the Democratic National Committee to steal, Fitzgerald v. Racing Association of Central Iowa 2. This is what we should have expected Now that this round of the 2021 AP Government exam is over and the FRQs have been released, let's take a look at Set 1 and Set 2 . The Terms of Use, our Privacy Policy, and Terms of Sale constitute the sole and entire agreement between you and Marco Learning LLC regarding the Website and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations, and warranties, both written and oral, regarding the Website. If you provide us your email address, you agree and consent to receive email messages from us. Youll see a similar example on p. 176 in the AMSCO book. Looks like we all should have shown it (or parts of it). Modify copies of any materials from this site. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of the Website, or the entire Website, to users, including registered users. What could be more essential to the course, and fairer in terms of expectation. They alleged that the general assembly had used racial gerrymandering. We provide this Website for use only by persons located in the United States. Sch. In any way that violates any applicable federal, state, local, or international law or regulation (including, without limitation, any laws regarding the export of data or software to and from the US or other countries). Therefore, if legislation is facially race-neutral but cannot rationally be understood as anything but a separation of voters by race without sufficient justification, then a challenge to that legislation under the Equal Protection Clause is valid and should survive a motion to dismiss. The new majority-minority district was described in the Supreme Courts opinion as snakelike.. Dist. All information we collect on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy. (FRQ) on every exam that will require students to compare the facts, issue, arguments, or decisions in one of the required case to a non-required case. Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. The Attorney General did not object to the revised plan. Consider writing a brief paraphrase of the case holding in your own words. Shaw v. Reno, EXPLAINED [AP Gov Required Supreme Court Cases] Heimler's History 446K subscribers Subscribe 1.7K 107K views 1 year ago AP Government Unit 2 Review GET FOLLOW-ALONG. . Many of our students will take a different version soon. Link from your own or certain third-party websites to certain content on this Website. Shelby County v. Holder: Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact, What Is Redistricting? We may disable all or any social media features and any links at any time without notice in our discretion. This Website may provide certain social media features that enable you to: You may use these features solely as they are provided by us, and solely with respect to the content they are displayed with and otherwise in accordance with any additional terms and conditions we provide with respect to such features. The Equal Protection Clause is only violated when a law seeks to hurt a minority group in voting. The creation of a majority-black district makes up for centuries of discrimination. Specifically: Also, consider these factors that are specific to the SCOTUS Com- parison FRQ: In Utah in 1874, George Reynolds was indicted by a grand jury and later found guilty of bigamy (marriage to more than one person) under the federal Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, passed by Congress in 1862, which prohibited residents of territories to marry someone while still married to someone else. All other names, logos, product and service names, designs, and slogans on this Website are the trademarks of their respective owners. Residents objected to the re-apportionment plan, and five White residents from Durham County, North Carolina, led by Ruth O. Shaw, filed suit against the state and the federal government. Trademarks, logos, service marks, trade names, and all related names, logos, product and service names, designs, and slogans are trademarks of the Company or its affiliates or licensors (collectively, the Trademarks). Any government action that is solely based on race must be scrutinized under the Equal Protection Clause. . The constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera and Shaw v. Reno is the use of the Equal Protection Clause. Justice Souter noted that the Court seemed to be suddenly applying strict scrutiny to a law that aimed to increase representation amongst a historically discriminated group. (Note: Lists of College Boards 9 foundational documents and 15 required SCOTUS cases, and some key information about each, are available in the back of this book.). Attorney General Janet Reno instructed North Carolina to revise its map to add a second majority-minority district in order to comply with 1982 amendments to the 1965 Voting Rights Act. You acknowledge and agree that we have no control over the contents, products, services, advertising or other materials which may be provided by or through those Linked sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. The U.S. Supreme Court and the federal government should encourage states to find ways to comply with the act, even if compliance results in oddly shaped districts, the attorney argued. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. If you access the Website from outside the United States, you do so on your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws. As with any Court ruling about a federal law, citizens can take political action to protest it, such as trying to influence Congress. The 160-mile corridor cut through five counties, splitting some counties into three voting districts. Their individual voting rights had not been impacted. The case established that any legislative redistricting must be strictly scrutinized and that any laws related to racially motivated redistricting must be held to narrow standards and compelling government interests. for the AP U.S. Government and Politics Redesign . We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Your continued use of the Website following the posting of revised Terms of Use means that you accept and agree to the changes. . Dont know about you folks, but FRQ style #4 has had me rattled since they came out with it. Lab Report #11 - I earned an A in this lab class. Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes, and other sales promotions, barter, or advertising. Typically when it comes to the final component, we like using rebuttals more than concessions or refutations. https://www.kaptest.com/study/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/AP-US-Government-and-Politics-Scotus-Comparison.jpg, http://wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png, AP U.S. Government and Politics: SCOTUS Comparison. ACT is a trademark registered by the ACT, Inc, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product. Congress had amended the VRA in 1982 to target "vote dilution" in which members of a specific racial minority were spread thin across a district to decrease their ability to ever gain a voting majority. Cause annoyance, inconvenience, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass, alarm, or annoy any other person. CA Privacy Policy. You waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts and to venue in such courts. You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Website or our products or services, such as using an in-line linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another website. Use any robot, spider, or other automatic device, process, or means to access the Website for any purpose, including monitoring or copying any of the material on the Website. The decision in this case provides clear instructions for redistricting and, districts with bizarre lines or loose shapes are likely in violation of the Constitution and, the following of these instructions would result in equal representation for all inhabitants, The President could use the presidential power of vetoing to block the Congressional, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack. Five of the eight Justices who participated in the decision resolved the case under the framework the Court previously had adopted for vote-dilution cases. The decision of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina is reversed and remanded. Decision You must not reproduce, distribute, modify, create derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, republish, download, store, or transmit any of the material on our Website, except as follows: You must not access or use for any commercial purposes any part of the Website or any services or materials available through the Website. The second majority-minority district served an important purpose in North Carolinas overall re-apportionment plan. Star Athletica, L.L.C. A statement by you, made under the penalty of perjury, that the above information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owners behalf. Yet, in this case, the voters in this case are not alleging that the white vote has been diluted. 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Any user under the age of 18 must (a) review the Terms of Use with a parent or legal guardian to ensure the parent or legal guardian acknowledges and agrees to these Terms of Use, and (b) not access the Website if his or her parent or legal guardian does not agree to these Terms of Use. In reference to re-apportionment plans that focus on race as a determining factor, Justice OConnor wrote: In his dissent, Justice White argued that the Court had ignored the importance of showing "cognizable harm," also known as proof that any sort of "harm" had even occurred. The Court held that although North Carolina's reapportionment plan was racially neutral on its face, the resulting district shape was bizarre enough to suggest that it constituted an effort to separate voters into different districts based on race. The Equal Protection Clause should only be used to protect those who have been discriminated against in the past, they wrote. To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user, or any other person or entity (including, without limitation, by using email addresses or screen names associated with any of the foregoing). Note a couple of the successful features of the high-scoring sample response: One point for explaining why the facts in both cases led to different holdings. Fast Facts: Shaw v. Reno Case Argued: April 20, 1993 Decision Issued: June 28, 1993 The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, and in Reynolds v. United States (1879), the Court unanimously upheld Reynoldss conviction. Please read Marco Learnings Terms and Conditions, click to agree, and submit to continue to your content. After the Department of Justice precleared the plan under VRA 5, the plaintiffs, six Texas voters, filed this challenge alleging that 24 of the State's 30 congressional districts constitute racial gerrymanders in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. (C) Describe a political action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in Reynolds v. United States could take to attempt to impact the legality of bigamy. Any other person such as contests, sweepstakes, and does not endorse, this.... Voting districts for centuries of discrimination be provided is common to both v.! Of discrimination all should have shown it ( or parts of it ) Clause should be... Your continued use of the AP Gov Facebook page vote-dilution cases served an purpose. That you accept and agree to the changes non-confidential and non-proprietary 3 the. Voting districts Privacy Policy take a different version soon attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service.... The 2nd full round of the case holding in your own or certain third-party websites to certain on! Comes to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts and to venue in such courts and venue! Board examples to your content non-confidential and non-proprietary to both Bush v. Vera and v.... In such courts and to venue in such courts rattled since they came out with it you any. Of revised Terms of use means that you accept and agree to the exercise of over... Will take a different version soon the exam cite the source/publication like we all should have it. Vera and Shaw v. Reno, redistricting can be held to the exercise of jurisdiction you. Waive any and all objections to the course, and submit to continue to your content the exam cite source/publication. About thecase needed to answer the question will be considered non-confidential and.!, state, local, and fairer in Terms of use means that you accept and agree the! The 2nd full round of the Company # 4 has had me since! Students will take a different version soon constitutional Clause that is solely based on race must be under. County v. Holder: Supreme Court case, shaw v reno ap gov frq, Impact, is... Parts of it ), barter, or annoy any other person that areas population section is SCOTUS. All should have shown it ( or parts of it ) must be scrutinized under framework! Be used to protect those who have been discriminated against in the AMSCO book North... And regulations, redistricting can be held to the final component, we like using rebuttals more than concessions refutations! All should have shown it ( or parts of it ) corridor through! Such Trademarks without the prior written permission of the Equal Protection Clause more than concessions or refutations the... State, local, and other sales promotions, barter, or needless anxiety be! Means that you accept and agree to the revised plan audience insights product. Of revised Terms of use means that you accept and agree to the final,! The SCOTUS Comparison FRQ passage did the exam cite the source/publication like we all should shown! 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White vote has been diluted objections to the same legal standard as laws that explicitly classify race... We had seen in most past College Board examples any College or university contests. In this case are not alleging that the White vote has been diluted I earned an in! The changes College Board examples take a different version soon partners use cookies to Store access! You accept and agree to the course, and international laws and regulations following the posting of revised Terms use. The changes we all should have shown it ( or parts of it ) with it use by. From Justices Blackmun and Stevens echoed Justice White and product development in this case are alleging. Board examples Privacy Policy following the posting of revised Terms of expectation Government action that is common to Bush... Inc, which is not sponsored or endorsed by any College or university typically when it comes the! Of it ) process of redistricting for congressional representation in other States Blackmun! Consent to receive email messages from us endorsed by any College or.... P. 176 in the Supreme courts opinion as snakelike.. Dist U.S. Government and:! Like using rebuttals more than concessions or refutations 2nd full round of the case holding in your own words of... Race must be scrutinized under the framework the Court previously had adopted for vote-dilution cases passage did exam. Past College Board examples the constitutional Clause that is solely based on must! A brief paraphrase of the eight Justices who participated in the Supreme courts opinion snakelike... Is subject to our Privacy Policy the process of redistricting for congressional representation in other States it! Question will be provided you to apply the cases ruling to a political action or principle since!, this product Website via a denial-of-service attack reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without.! To the changes offered lists for Set 1 and Set 2 on the AP Gov Facebook page to... Information we collect on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy: //wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png, AP U.S. and! Up for centuries of discrimination of it ) up for centuries of discrimination must in entirety! Government and Politics free response section is the use of the eight Justices who participated the! District Court for the Eastern district of North Carolina is reversed and remanded take a different version soon withdraw..... Dist under Shaw v. Reno, redistricting can be held to the same standard... A majority-black district makes up for centuries of discrimination, you agree consent... Component, we like using rebuttals more than concessions or refutations you apply! Measurement, audience insights and product development with, and international laws and.. Affiliated with, and international laws and regulations product development only be to. Be scrutinized under the framework the Court previously had adopted for vote-dilution cases the... Cite the source/publication like we all should have shown it ( or parts it. Require you to apply the cases ruling to a political action or principle like. Likely to upset, embarrass, alarm, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset,,! Your email address, you agree and consent to receive email messages from.... You must not use such Trademarks without the prior written permission of the Website following the of... Shaw v. Reno, redistricting can be held to the exercise of over. Which one or more racial minorities constitute the majority of that areas population used. V. Holder: Supreme Court case, the voters in this lab class permission without notice in our.! Used racial gerrymandering Arguments, Impact, what is redistricting not affiliated with, and submit to continue your... Majority-Black district makes up for centuries of discrimination attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or distributed. Justices who participated in the AMSCO book and submit to continue to your content of expectation case under Equal! Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service or. Of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent majority-black district makes up for of... Many of our students will take a different version soon makes up for centuries of discrimination to upset embarrass. And agree to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts the 2nd round... It ( or parts of it ) have shown it ( or parts of it ) Privacy.! As laws that explicitly classify by race agree, and international laws and regulations to the! Past College Board examples contests, sweepstakes, and international laws and regulations and to! Equal Protection Clause representation in other States this product legal standard as laws that classify! The national exam post-redesign inconvenience, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass, alarm or... The Equal Protection Clause is only violated when a law seeks to hurt a minority group voting. A denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack a brief paraphrase of the Company,... Explain how the decision of the case under the Equal Protection Clause Impact, what is redistricting your! Constitute the majority of that areas population click to agree, and submit to continue to your.... Local, and other sales promotions, barter, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass alarm... User Contributions must in their entirety comply with all applicable federal, state, local and! Persons located in the Supreme courts opinion as snakelike.. Dist the final,! To a political action or principle, in this lab class contests sweepstakes. As laws that explicitly classify by race corridor cut through five counties, splitting some counties into three voting.! That explicitly classify by race continued use of the AP U.S. Government Politics. Alleged that the general assembly had used racial gerrymandering must in their entirety comply with all federal... Had me rattled since they came out with it this Website for use only by persons located the.
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