Others, while not quite doing evil, simply lost their ethical direction. Other questions gave rise to answers sufficient to stand plausibility on its head. Any drug that can induce schizophrenia might also, if used on a start-stop -start-stop basis, induce enough of a vibration in the lies of that schizophrenic wall to shake it and, conceivably, crack it. Around 1954, Eli Lilly & Company published the details of a new process they had developed for synthesizing lysergic acid (the parent molecule of the ergot alkaloids) cheaply and in bulk. He turned to us all, sitting by the pool. It is not at all clear that we can keep such evidence from becoming relevant even if the government waives the defense of the Federal Employees Compensation Act. Id seen an article in Boys Life about a 14-year-old kid who cycled from Connecticut to the West Coast, Eric said, so I figured my brother was 12 and I was 16 so that averaged at 14, so we could do it. I mention it only because the nominal head of TSS is named Gottlieb, and kishkes is the only Jewish word I ever heard him use. People arent bad, merely sick. I regret digging my fathers body up . Passages in the documents they had received pertaining to a C.I.A. I know, he said. It must have been tight, I thought, when the CIA group of four and the SOD group of five occupied it. Frank Olson did not die because he was an experimental guinea pig who experienced a bad trip. He died because of concern that he would divulge information concerning a highly classified CIA interrogation program called ARTICHOKE in the early 1950s, and concerning the use of biological weapons by the United States in the Korean War. Most notably, a source with connections to Israeli intelligence told the investigators that for years the Mossad had used the case of Frank Olson in its operative training program as an object lesson in the perfect murder., But as new millennium ushered itself in, it was becoming clear to Eric that the New York D.A. In the 1950/60 period that is relevant to the events surrounding your father, I was a senior BBC writer/producer employed by the Science Department. With the information concerning biological weapons in the Korean War on the one hand and the information about the White House coverup in 1975 on the other, the story of the death of Frank Olson finally hit bottom. He said they went so far as to take a life lives, definitely more than one. Given these connections among LSD, hypnosis schizophrenia, psychiatry, magic, and mystery, could mere chance explain the fact that the Lashbrook-Gottlieb team had somehow contacted Dr. Gibson? Of course violent, and even self-destructive, acts are not uncommon in the immediate aftermath of LSD use, while tripping, as it is colloquially said. Contacted at his home, retired medical examiner DiMaio said, I dont recall the incident involving Harold Blauer. On Frank Olsons death, he said, It was a long time ago. Certainly going through an open window would be one feasible explanation, because if it had been closed, it is reasonable to expect that the glass would have cut his skin at some place or other. But secrecy governed everything in the program, including the deaths, because the American bioweapons makers had a keen awareness of the threat from their counterparts in the Soviet Union, occasionally supplemented by detailed information. The stakes had become enormous. Frederick/Maryland. If special equipment is to be used, such as firearms or drugs, it is clear that he must have outstanding skill with such equipment. The Division had three primary functions: assessing the vulnerability of American installations to biological attack; developing techniques for offensive use of biological weapons; and biological research for the CIA. The only thing Isbell was guilty of was getting money from the CIA., It is true that the climate of the times was different. The fact is, it will never be possible to bury all of Frank Olson again. It all reminds me a bit of the collage work too. 1.36 For secret assassination, either simple or chase, the contrived accident is the most effective technique. 12.22 Well, not all that much. Starrs noted, That report was brief and to the point, but it was a report of what was only an external examination of the remains. Starrs was troubled that the accompanying toxicological report only assayed the presence of methyl and ethyl alcohol, including no drugs of any kind. This despite that Olson had allegedly been dosed with LSD and given nembutal shortly before his death. 28.03 Voice of Norm Cournoyer But he said its fine with him if the dark lessons of Fort Detricks early days are lost forever. A third question is why in 1994, when he was informed of Dr. Gibsons version of these events, Lashbrook would have responded by saying, Dr. Decision and instructions should be confined to an absolute minimum of persons. But the CIAs interest in drugs and behavioral research was, during the 1950s, awakened by reports that the Soviet Union had made giant strides in developing chemical compounds for brainwashing. Well, here I am on hotshot duty in TSS, and there you are, honcho number one to the big man in Berlin. Why would he have been killed? Among the prisoners at Kransberg Castle is rocket scientist Professor Hermann Oberth, who collects autographs from his colleagues. He was carrying out experiments involving the injection of Mescalin [sic] derivatives into patients. Under the circumstances, the agency was fearful that its own agents could be brainwashed, and in 1950, it embarked on defensive research to find ways of protecting them. By now the biochemist was acting more and more psychotic with what Abramson would later say were delusions of persecution. Olson thought the CIA was out to get him. The film climaxed with Luther declaring, No. I remember quite clearly just being quite stupefied by this. This is what we do. White thought they were all assholes. At every point there seems to be a convergence of the evidence, Nils Olson says. How and when Mulholland came in first contact with the CIA remains unknown. Olson reportedly had the worst trip. The kit consisted of a lethal toxin possibly anthrax concealed in a tube of toothpaste. This horrendous omission turns out to be a key to the whole story. Curiously, Whites widow donated his papers to the Electronics Museum at Foothill Junior College, a two-year school set amidst the rolling Los Altes hills 40 miles south of San Francisco. He had been a C.I.A. We talked about the standard account of his fathers death and he shared with me his theory, one that will be tested by the New York district attorney. After reading the strategic study, therefore, CIA director Dulles said in a 1955 memo to the secretary of defense that it would appear to be important that field trials be made to determine the effects on groups of people or on individuals engaged in group activities. This was the official green light for the CIAs indiscriminate testing of LSD on unsuspecting Americans, and from 1955 onward, theres evidence that more Such subjects were involved as the CIA kept expanding its quest for a dream drug without interference by agency directors or Presidents. As the precursor to MK-ULTRA, ARTICHOKE concerned the search for a truth drug to aid in interrogation. But nobody bothered to notify our family that this story was being released. That is no longer the situation, but getting to a solid bottom has required a very long descent. It an inescapable reminder of the moment Erics life froze. Merck, as you know, was one of the strongest promoters of the idea of using biological weapons in war, therefore he obviously wouldnt have considered BW as such to be un-American. But individual acts of terror might have been in a different, troubling category in their minds. Some researchers had already begun to experiment with LSD on their own in those days, without any help from the CIA. Since this requires advertising to be effective, the resistance organization must be in a position to warn high officials publicly that their lives will be the price of reprisal action against innocent people. Author Robert Kaiser echoed that doctors conclusions in his book, James Earl Ray, the convicted assassin of Martin Luther King, also had a known fascination with hypnosis, and, more recently, British lawyer Fenton Bressler has assembled circumstantial evidence to support a theory that Mark David Chapman, slayer of John Lennon, was subject to CIA mind control. Alice said that if he felt it was necessary, she would support his decision. So was it in fact murder? Yeah it is, said Nils. The bones lay in pieces in boxes under lock and key in my office at GW, and the soft flesh was placed in a vault in storage at York College. [66], At some point, John Mulhollands personal files were also apparently vetted to remove any connection between him and the Agency. Dr. Gibson said he cannot remember all the words that were used in the explanation, but that was what was told to him had formed an image in his mind of what the situation had been, and this image he remembers very clearly. Almost immediately, though, the investigation encountered a major setback. It may well be that Olson is wrong that the government merely drugged his father with LSD, treated him thoughtlessly when he fell into madness and covered it up for 22 years. This reads as follows: 7. In what was undoubtedly a remarkable coincidence, the doctor who served as the admitting physician for was Dr. Robert W. Gibson the 25-year old son of Walter Gibson. LSD, it was soon learned, was a much more effective way to loosen the tongue than alcohol was. All 16,000 pages were, in the CIAs own words, heavily sanitized.Few documents had escaped redacting. Gottlieb was the CIA branch chief that ordered the experiment with LSD that allegedly resulted in Olsons suicide. October 14th, 2008 at 9:00 am. The following summer, the Agency asked the magician to undertake another assignment. Teachers have influenced students; upperclassmen have influenced lower classmen. Calling this a trickle-down phenomenon, the authors seem to have correctly analyzed how LSD got around the country. CRISPR-Cpf1 correction of muscular dystrophy mutations in human cardiomyocytes and mice. . 34.24 But unlike the army experiments, the subjects of these tests, which took place in an apartment disguised as a brothel, would not be informed. They reveal new details, including names and dates, about the safe house project, dubbed Operation Midnight Climax, which was part of the CIAs MK-ULTRA program in the 1950s and 1960s to manipulate human behavior. He was drugged because he talked too much.. Our motto was Harolds Club or Bust. All you had to do was just keep going and follow the road. (Later, when the Eli Lilly Company of Indianapolis perfected a process to synthesize LSD, agency officials insisted on a similar agreement.) By calling Chestnut Lodge so late in the day it was possible to give the impression that immediate care was needed, leaving it to Dr. Gibson to take the responsibility for delaying the arrival for a day. Dr. Gibson greeted me at the door together with his two large brown dogs. Pastore said he went back inside the hotel and he spoke to the telephone switchboard operator. There was no record of the actual manual having been produced. Gottlieb was the ultimate dirty trickster, having personally participated in attempts to assassinate foreign leaders. Before it was completed, however, he had jumped to his death, so Ruwet maintained. Conceivably, this might be an unusually merciful agent of warfare: temporarily nullifying the individuals effectiveness, but not permanently damaging him., With all this in mind, the CIA decided to broaden ARTICHOKE. Raji heard him, but Raji was the boss. In 1996, Olson approached Manhattan's district attorney, Robert Morgenthau, to see if his office would open a new investigation into the Olson case. Did that Grand Jury meet and mark recommendations about investigating your fathers death? Most CIA records on the SO Division were apparently destroyed in 1973 by Gottlieb, the agencys liaison to Fort Detrick. Meanwhile, Murray, already addicted to amphetamines, continued to flirt with hallucinogens. Ruwet reluctantly admitted that the unnamed man in the Posts article was in fact Frank Olson. But new sources were emerging. He became one of the guinea pigs, but his reaction to the LSD spelled disaster for him. But Eric Olson was able to persuade New York public prosecutor Stephen Saracco to look into the case. Recent experience strongly suggests, moreover, that such top-secret work fosters ever more lurid schemes. Alarmed by these horror stories, federal and state authorities moved to ban the drug. 2.01 Voice of Eric Olson If distance was supposed to heal him, however, the cure didn't work. On January 8, 1953, Harold Blauer, a professional tennis player, reportedly died from a massive overdose of a mescaline derivative at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Actually it was not at all clear exactly what it was that the President and the CIA Director were apologizing for. I believe I can complete the proposed writing in eighteen to twenty weeks. In 1953, White rented a house at 81 Bedford St. in New York Citys Greenwich Village under the name of Morgan Hall, the same one he used serveral years later to set up the Telegraph Hill apartment at 225 Chestnut St. in San Francisco. This was another sign that something was still amiss. cit., page 9, [66]Joint hearings; Select Committee on Intelligence & the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, U.S. Senate, Appendix A, page 69 August 3, 1977, [67]Jim Hougan interview with author, January 25, 2001, [68]Testimony of Admiral Stansfield TurnerandAppendix B:Documents Referring to Discovery of Additional MKULTRA Material, Select Committee on Intelligence & the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, U.S. Senate, 1977, [69]Letter to Michael Edwards from Kathryn Dyer, Information and Privacy Coordinator, Central Intelligence Agency, June 26, 2000. Enhancer is the focus of his Transcription factor research. (Gibson went on to a very distinguished career in medicine: he became director of Shepherd-Pratt Hospital in Baltimore, and President of the American Psychiatric Association.) Finally I found myself driving toward the place where something had happened on a chilly November night 45 years ago, something that had set a bizarre chain of events in motion. His closest colleagues knew that this explanation was not the true reason for his death. In Korea, its just a matter of days before the first American prisoners of war will be released. However, I was not to be deterred or flummoxed by this administrative impenetrability. No report may be made, but usually the act will be properly covered by normal news services, whose output is available to all concerned. Owsley acid became world famous for its high quality. It is built on the premise that the psychic wall which schizophrenia builds to close off communication between opposite parts of the personality is composed of an immense number of lies, and the truth is encysted behind it. And five days after that (July 28) we were having lunch with CIA Director William Colby in the Directors 7th floor office at Langley, receiving an apology from the CIA, along with what we were told was the complete CIA file on our fathers death. Or, anthrax spores, which are not killed by antibiotics, might have been found in his lungs after death. He quickly discovered that the New York medical examiners report from 1953 was dead wrong. This article is a summary of those findings. It has been suggested, even by prominent participants in the counterculture, that with LSD the CIA found the ultimate weapon against the youth movement. But on the day Eric put his father to rest for the second time, the son seemed to have found his footing again. At that time they were both alive and spoke on the usual understanding we had: that what they had to say would not be directly sourced to them. The confluence of scientific fact and investigative fact points unerringly to the death of Frank Olson as being a homicide, deft, deliberate and diabolical. A single Congressman had decided to oppose the settlement, so it was enacted in drastically reduced form. (visual texts) Olson was mildly impatient with the questioning conducted during the course of this interview. Daniel Schorr was the first man to interview Khrushchev, he won three Emmys for his coverage of Watergate, and now he was turning his attention to Eric. But terminal ARTICHOKE experiments werent the only matters weighing heavily on Olsons conscience during the summer of 1953. liaison at Fort Detrick, took Olson to New York -- ostensibly to seek psychiatric advice. Eric inundated cold case unit daily with potential leads, but few were being checked out. By relieving reality of its rules of the game, collage presents designs for experimentation patterns which are new, unused, and possibly valid only for the moment. What are the two main parts of SEO a. Saracco and Bibb did manage to meet with Ruwet in Frederick, Maryland, as reported by H.P. And so it remained for twenty-two years. However, the simplest local tools are often much the most efficient means of assassination. Among the stipulations was a commitment to total secrecy. He knew too much. THE DAY THE WORLD ENDED (with Max MorganWitts) Ike, he says, youve been doing one hell of a job as an undercover man. A world traveler, he was equally at home on the New York City subway system or entertaining the Sultan of Sulu or the King of Romania. For myself, I am solidly skeptical of anyone in Dr. Olsons allegedly distraught state of mind, or even someone of sound mind and memory, clearing a 31-inch high window opening obscured by a drawn shade, all in the darkness of a hotel room at night without having his line of travel so obstructed as to cause the venture to misfire. In response, my father leaned toward me across the table and whispered, Theyve given OPC the, Well, here I am on hotshot duty in TSS, and there you are, honcho number one to the big man in Berlin. General Manager. Fischer, Mary A. Before the end of the war, a painful stomach ulcer had forced Olson to seek a medical discharge from the Army. Ransacking the Colby documents for the umpteenth time, Eric stumbled upon a new, possibly telling clue. Furthermore, he was to use his knowledge and creativity to fashion new methods that were unknown even to the conjuring community. Although the men who were investigated had claimed that Frank Olson was in a suicidal frame of mind, they had roomed him on a high floor. He said he hadnt. Mine was in history, his in clinical psychology. Each of these years I have spent a great amount of time, and considerable money, to produce a magazine of service to the professional magician and to the serious student of magic. All one had to do was to keep following the thread represented by his disappearance. Upon opening the coffin, the remains proved to be immaculately well preserved, albeit mummified, under a tight wrapping of linen acting as a full body shroud. September 17, 1996, Tuesday. 25.03 The girls were complaining they couldnt take any more screwing. He told me lie had visited Langley several times and had met with Dr Sydney Gottlieb, Richard Helms and other senior CIA officials. Shes the daughter of Presbyterian missionaries. They then both had both hung up with nothing more being said. He lives on a farm outside of Washington and gets up every morning to milk his goats. MIRACLE OF SURGERY Director of Study Abroad. Or did it? If the jury, too, found the evidence of murder compelling, then Saracco requested that it should hand down indictments for murder and conspiracy to murder. This contributed to a feeling that Frank Olson had not so much died as disappeared. Ive ruined my life, he says in one interview. Seattle, WA By day, Eric Olson does software quality engineering, tearing code apart for the good of the product. The speaker then stated that the need for amnesias was particularly great in operations work. He was assured by two of his colleagues that work was continually being done in an effort to produce controlled amnesias by various means. The fell or jumped scenario at the window never really made sense. Lashbrook left the agency, but Gottlieb remained in senior positions for 20 more years. It must have been decided that the story would be that Lashbrook saw nothing, that he was awakened by the sound of crashing glass, and that by the time he opened his eyes Olson was gone. The story told by the government simply did not hold up to scrutiny. Camerons studies centered on what he called depatterning and what one CIA operative described as the creation of a vegetable. 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